Aerospace Engineering

Thinking about becoming an aerospace engineer? You only need an associate degree for an entry-level position in aerospace engineering technology or as an operations tech. Aerospace engineering technicians work alongside aerospace engineers to help build testing facilities for aircraft systems. While in high school, it would be best to focus your studies on math, science, drafting, and computer skills.

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Agriculture

For most entry-level positions in agricultural engineering, a bachelor’s degree from an ABET-accredited program is typically required. Agricultural engineers work on improving farming equipment, irrigation systems, and sustainable agricultural practices. They also develop solutions for environmental issues related to agriculture, such as soil conservation and efficient resource use. High school students interested in this field should focus on subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, math, and computer science to prepare for a successful career path in agricultural engineering.

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Animal Sciences

Animal scientists study animal biology, genetics, and nutrition to improve livestock care, breeding, and food production. They often work in agriculture, veterinary science, or research. A bachelor's degree in animal science or a related field is typically required for entry-level positions, with advanced degrees needed for specialized research or academic roles. High school students interested in animal sciences should focus on biology, chemistry, and agricultural studies.

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Architectural Engineering

An associate degree can lead to entry-level positions in architectural engineering technology or as a CAD technician. Architectural engineering technicians support engineers and architects by assisting in the design, development, and evaluation of building systems and structures. Their tasks often include drafting blueprints, preparing construction documents, analyzing building materials, and ensuring that designs meet safety and building codes. To become an architect, you’ll generally need to complete a bachelor’s degree, gain relevant experience through a paid internship, and then pass the Architect Registration Examination.

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Biochemistry

Biochemists study the chemical processes and substances that occur in living organisms. They work in pharmaceuticals, healthcare, environmental science, and biotechnology. A bachelor’s degree in biochemistry or a related field is required for entry-level positions, while research roles typically require a master’s or Ph.D. High school students should focus on biology, chemistry, physics, and math to prepare for a biochemistry degree.

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Biological & Biochemical Engineering

For entry-level positions in biochemical or biological engineering, a bachelor’s degree from an Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accredited program is typically required. These programs often cover coursework in intermediate and advanced mathematics, life sciences, physical sciences, engineering principles, design, and computer-based lab work. Biochemical engineers focus on developing processes to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and other products using biological systems, while biological engineers apply engineering principles to solve problems related to living organisms, agriculture, and healthcare. High school students interested in these fields should focus on subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, math, and computer science to build a strong foundation for these career paths.

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Biology

Biologists study living organisms and their interactions with the environment. They work in healthcare, research, conservation, and biotechnology. A bachelor’s degree in biology is typically required for entry-level positions, while research and medical careers may require advanced degrees. High school students should focus on biology, chemistry, and math to prepare for a career in biology.

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Chemical Engineering

As a chemical engineer, you’ll help make advancements in the production or use of products such as food, fuel, and medications. Chemical engineers also design the layout of many different types of manufacturing equipment.

You need to earn a chemical engineering degree for an entry-level position. While in high school, you should take chemistry, physics, biology, algebra, trig, and calculus classes. Find a chemical engineering program now. A closely related career is chemical technician, and some schools offer associate degrees specifically in chemical technology.

Chemistry

Chemists study the composition, properties, and interactions of substances to develop new materials, products, and technologies. They work in industries such as pharmaceuticals, environmental science, food production, energy, and materials science. Chemists conduct experiments, analyze substances, and develop new compounds for use in medicine, manufacturing, and technology.

A bachelor's degree in chemistry is typically required for entry-level positions in laboratories, quality control, and product development. Those interested in research, academia, or specialized fields like medicinal chemistry or nanotechnology may need a master's degree or Ph.D. High school students preparing for a chemistry career should focus on chemistry, physics, biology, math, and computer science to develop a strong foundation.

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Civil Engineering

Civil engineers design, build, and maintain infrastructure projects such as roads, bridges, buildings, water systems, and airports. They work in both the public and private sectors, ensuring structures are safe, sustainable, and efficient.

Civil engineering includes various subfields such as structural engineering, transportation engineering, environmental engineering, and geotechnical engineering.

The minimum requirement for entry-level civil engineering jobs is a bachelor’s degree in civil engineering from an ABET-accredited program. Some employers may prefer candidates with a master’s degree, especially for specialized roles or leadership positions.

High school students interested in this field should focus on math, physics, computer-aided design (CAD), and environmental science to build a strong foundation for their future careers.

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Electrical Engineering

Electrical engineers design and develop electrical-powered products and other electrical equipment. They calculate and set the standards and specifications for the manufacturing, construction, and installation of these products.

If you’re considering a college electrical engineering program, it’s important to choose one accredited by the ABET. Entry-level jobs require a bachelor’s degree in either electrical, electronics, or electrical engineering technology.

Engineering

Engineering is a broad and diverse field that applies scientific and mathematical principles to design, develop, and improve structures, machines, systems, and processes. Engineers work in industries such as aerospace, automotive, energy, construction, healthcare, and technology. Depending on their specialization, engineers may focus on designing infrastructure, developing new materials, improving manufacturing efficiency, or creating innovative technology solutions.

There are numerous branches of engineering, including mechanical, civil, electrical, chemical, computer, industrial, and environmental engineering. Most engineering careers require a bachelor’s degree in an ABET-accredited engineering program. Some positions, particularly in research or specialized fields, may require a master’s degree or Ph.D. High school students interested in engineering should focus on mathematics (including calculus and physics), computer science, and hands-on technical skills such as drafting and coding.

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Engineering Management

Engineering managers oversee engineering projects, teams, and resources to ensure successful project completion within budget and time constraints. They work in industries such as manufacturing, construction, technology, and energy, blending technical expertise with business and leadership skills. Their responsibilities include project planning, budgeting, problem-solving, and coordinating between engineers and other departments.

A bachelor’s degree in engineering is typically required, followed by a master’s degree in engineering management (MEM) or a Master of Business Administration (MBA) with an engineering focus. Professionals in this field often gain work experience as engineers before transitioning into management roles. Strong communication, analytical thinking, and leadership skills are essential for success in engineering management.

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Environmental Science

Environmental scientists study the natural world and develop solutions to environmental issues such as pollution, climate change, and resource conservation. They work in government agencies, private firms, and research institutions to create policies and technologies that promote sustainability and environmental protection.

A bachelor’s degree in environmental science, biology, chemistry, or a related field is required for entry-level positions, while research and higher-level roles may require a master’s degree or Ph.D. Coursework typically includes ecology, geology, hydrology, atmospheric science, and environmental policy. High school students interested in this field should focus on biology, chemistry, physics, and earth science to build a strong foundation.

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Industrial Engineering

An industrial engineer’s main job is to eliminate wastefulness in production processes. Industrial engineers need a bachelor’s degree to qualify for entry-level jobs. A student can choose to take an industrial engineering program, but degrees like mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, or general engineering can qualify you for the job as well.

Mathematics & Statistics

Mathematicians and statisticians analyze data, identify patterns, and develop mathematical models to solve complex problems in business, engineering, healthcare, finance, and technology. They work in diverse fields such as cryptography, actuarial science, data analysis, and artificial intelligence.

Entry-level positions typically require a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, statistics, or a related field, while advanced research or specialized roles may require a master’s degree or Ph.D. Coursework includes calculus, linear algebra, probability, statistical modeling, and computer programming. High school students should focus on advanced mathematics, computer science, and problem-solving to prepare for careers in this field.

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Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineers research, design, develop, build, and test mechanical devices. It’s one of the broadest engineering disciplines, so a degree in mechanical engineering can open up a variety of career opportunities.

Mechanical engineering programs are heavy in mathematics courses, physical sciences, and design courses. Students learn about system components and technical subjects, and they’ll gain a basic understanding of civil, chemical, and electrical engineering.

Natural Sciences

The natural sciences encompass disciplines such as biology, chemistry, physics, and earth sciences, focusing on the study of the physical world. Professionals in this field conduct research, analyze environmental processes, and develop new technologies or treatments to solve real-world problems. Careers in the natural sciences are found in healthcare, environmental conservation, biotechnology, and education.

A bachelor’s degree in a specific natural science field is typically required for entry-level positions, while research roles may demand a master’s degree or Ph.D. High school students should take courses in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics to prepare for advanced study and careers in the natural sciences.

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Physiology

Physiologists study how living organisms function, including the workings of organs, tissues, and biological systems. The research done by these professionals helps advance medicine, sports science, and healthcare by improving understanding of bodily functions and performance. Physiologists may work in hospitals, universities, laboratories, or the pharmaceutical industry.

A bachelor’s degree in physiology, biology, or a related field is required for entry-level positions, with advanced degrees often needed for research or clinical roles. Coursework includes human anatomy, biochemistry, genetics, and neuroscience. High school students interested in physiology should focus on biology, chemistry, and physics to develop a strong foundation for this career path.

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