In this article, we’ll discuss different careers in the math, engineering, and physical sciences industries. Learn a little about the training needed to begin your career as an engineer, chemist, mathematician, or physicist. These types of jobs almost always require at least a four-year degree to get an entry-level position.
Engineering
Aerospace Engineering
You only need an associate degree for an entry-level position in aerospace engineering technology or as an operations tech. Aerospace engineering technicians work alongside aerospace engineers to help build testing facilities for aircraft systems. While in high school, it would be best to focus your studies on math, science, drafting, and computer skills.
Architectural Engineering
An associate degree can lead to entry-level positions in architectural engineering technology or as a CAD technician. Architectural engineering technicians support engineers and architects by assisting in the design, development, and evaluation of building systems and structures. Their tasks often include drafting blueprints, preparing construction documents, analyzing building materials, and ensuring designs meet safety and building codes. To become an architect, you’ll generally need to complete a bachelor’s degree, gain relevant experience through a paid internship, and then pass the Architect Registration Examination.
Find an architecture program now.
Agriculture
For most entry-level positions in agricultural engineering, a bachelor’s degree from an ABET-accredited program is typically required. Agricultural engineers work on improving farming equipment, irrigation systems, and sustainable agricultural practices. They also develop solutions for environmental issues related to agriculture, such as soil conservation and efficient resource use. High school students interested in this field should focus on subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, math, and computer science to prepare for a successful career path in agricultural engineering.
Find an agriculture program now.
Biological & Biochemical Engineering
For entry-level positions in biochemical or biological engineering, a bachelor’s degree from an Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET) accredited program is typically required. These programs often cover coursework in intermediate and advanced mathematics, life sciences, physical sciences, engineering principles, design, and computer-based lab work. Biochemical engineers focus on developing processes to produce pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and other products using biological systems, while biological engineers apply engineering principles to solve problems related to living organisms, agriculture, and healthcare. High school students interested in these fields should focus on subjects like biology, chemistry, physics, math, and computer science to build a strong foundation for these career paths.
Find a program to earn a degree in bioengineering.
Chemical Engineering
As a chemical engineer, you’ll help make advancements in the production or use of products such as food, fuel, and medications. Chemical engineers also design the layout of many different types of manufacturing equipment.
You need to earn a chemical engineering degree for an entry level position. While in high school, you should take chemistry, physics, biology, algebra, trig, and calculus classes. Find a chemical engineering program now. A closely related career is chemical technician, and some schools offer associate degrees specifically in chemical technology.
Civil Engineering
Civil engineers can be found in both the public and private sectors. If you choose the civil engineering path, you’ll plan, design, construct, research, and teach. The minimum requirement for entry-level civil engineering jobs is a bachelor’s degree. Some employers will prefer an advanced degree. Find a civil engineering program now.
Computer Engineering
Computer engineers are responsible for creating and testing computer software. They may complete the research and design of circuit boards, routers, and other computer equipment. Entry-level jobs require a degree in computer engineering or science.
Electrical Engineering
Electrical engineers design and develop electrical-powered products and other new goods. They calculate and set all the standards and specifications for the manufacturing, construction, and installation of these products.
If you’re considering a college electrical engineering program, it’s important to choose one accredited by the ABET. Entry-level jobs require a bachelor’s degree in either electrical, electronics, or electrical engineering technology.
Engineering Technology
Engineering technicians work under the supervision of engineers or scientists. They help to design machinery, equipment, and other products. To become an engineering technician, you must earn a certificate or associate degree. Find an engineering technology program.
Industrial Engineering
An industrial engineers’ main job is to eliminate wastefulness in production processes. Industrial engineers need a bachelor’s degree to qualify for entry-level jobs. A student can choose to take an industrial engineering program, but degrees like mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, or general engineering can qualify you for the job as well.
Materials Engineering
Materials engineers develop and test materials used to create products like computer chips, aircraft components, sporting equipment, and medical devices. Materials engineers must have a bachelor’s degree in materials engineering, materials science, or a related engineering field to qualify for an entry level position.
Mechanical Engineering
Mechanical engineers research, design, develop, build, and test mechanical devices. It’s one of the broadest engineering disciplines, so a degree in mechanical engineering can open up a variety of career opportunities.
Mechanical engineering programs are heavy in mathematics courses, physical sciences, and design courses. Students learn about system components and technical subjects, and they’ll gain a basic understanding of civil, chemical, and electrical engineering.
Mathematics
Mathematics
Mathematicians analyze data and apply mathematical and statistical techniques to solve problems in business systems, engineering, medical, and other fields. Mathematicians usually need a master’s degree in mathematics or statistics.
Physics
Physicists study the ways that various forms of matter and energy interact. They work in offices, laboratories, and observatories. For a job in academia a student will need to earn his or her Ph.D. To qualify for an entry-level job with the federal government, a bachelor’s degree in physics is required.
Statistics
Statisticians, like mathematicians, analyze data and apply mathematical and statistical techniques to solve problems in business, engineering, healthcare, and other industries. You’ll need a degree in statistics to land an entry-level job. A master’s degree or Ph.D. will be required for the highest paying positions.
Physical Sciences
Chemistry
Chemists need at least a bachelor’s degree in chemistry for an entry-level position. Chemists may work in many different industries including food science and materials science. For a job in research, you may need a master’s degree or Ph.D. Find a chemistry degree program now.
Geology
Geologists, or geoscientists, study the physical aspects of the Earth. They may study its composition, structure, and processes. Geologists can find themselves working in the lab or in the field. Geoscientists need at least a bachelor’s degree for most entry-level positions.
Military Technology
A military technology degree program will provide practical knowledge in directing highly technical and complex military systems. This degree will prepare the student for military advancement or civilian positions in government and industry.